Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2019 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 5 Articles
A Bayesian adaptive design for dose finding of a combination of two drugs in cancer phase I clinical trials that takes into account\npatients heterogeneity thought to be related to treatment susceptibility is described. The estimation of the maximum tolerated dose\n(MTD) curve is a function of a baseline covariate using two cytotoxic agents. A logistic model is used to describe the relationship\nbetween the doses, baseline covariate, and the probability of dose limiting toxicity (DLT). Trial design proceeds by treating cohorts\nof two patients simultaneously using escalation with overdose control (EWOC), where at each stage of the trial, the next dose\ncombination corresponds to the.................
The potential of non-invasive ventilation procedures and new minimally invasive\ntechniques has resulted in the research of alternative approaches as the aerosolization for the treatment\nof respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The aim of this work was to design two nebulizer prototypes\nand to evaluate them studying the particle size distribution of the inhaled droplets generated with\ndistilled water and two perfluorocarbons (PFCs). Different experiments were performed with driving\npressures of 1â??3 bar for each compound. An Aerodynamic Particle Sizer was used to measure the\naerodynamic diameter (Da), the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and the geometric\nstandard deviation (GSD). The results showed that both prototypes produced heterodisperse aerosols\nwith Da mean values in all cases below......................
Sub-optimal chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management has been found\nlargely due to patientsâ?? medication non-adherence and incorrect inhaler technique. This study aimed\nto examine inhaler use technique and medication adherence among Vietnamese COPD patients as\nwell as potential associated factors. A cross-sectional study involving 70 COPD exacerbators was\nconducted. Inhaler technique and adherence were evaluated by the 10-item and 12-item Test of\nAdherence to Inhaler (TAI). Data on the history of COPD, home prescription of inhalers and duration\nof hospitalization were also collected. Generalized linear regression models were used to determine\nthe associated factors with inhaler use and medication adherence. The results showed that the\nproportion of patients with good inhaler technique was 22.7% for metered-dose inhalers (MDI), 30.4%\nfor dry powder inhalers (DPI) and 31.8% for soft-mist inhalers (SMI). Full exhalation was the most\ncommon mistake. The rates of non-compliance patterns were: â??ignorantâ? (77.1%), â??sporadicâ? (58.6%),\nand â??deliberateâ? (55.7%). Worse dyspnea, greater health condition impairment, and an increased\nfrequency of exacerbations and hospitalizations were found to be associated negatively with correct\ninhaler use and treatment adherence. Instructions to COPD patients about using inhalers should\nfocus on correct inhaler technique and adherence even when feeling healthy....
Paeoniflorin, the main component of total glucosides of paeony (TGP), shows good\ntherapeutic effects in arthritis, but has low bioavailability when administered orally. Avoiding\nsuch a deficiency for topical administration would expand its clinical application. This study\naimed to avoid these limitations by using nanotechnology (ethosomes) and a physical approach\n(microneedles). Paeoniflorin-loaded ethosomal formulation (TGP-E) was optimized and evaluated in\nterms of entrapment efficiency (EE), particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI)\nand morphology. TGP-E was prepared by the hot injection method and optimized by single-factor\ntests and an orthogonal experimental design. The optimized paeoniflorin-loaded ethosomes had.......................
Netilmicin (NTM) is one of the first-line drugs for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)\ntherapy, but its nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity caused by intravenous injection restrict its clinical\napplication. Dry powder inhalation (DPI) is a popular local drug delivery system that is introduced\nas a solution. Due to the nature of NTM hygroscopicity that hinders its direct use through DPI, in this\nstudy, L-leucine (LL) was added into NTM dry powder to reduce its moisture absorption rate and\nimprove its aerosolization performance. NTM DPIs were prepared using spray-drying with different\nLL proportions. The particle size, density, morphology, crystallinity, water content, hygroscopicity,\nantibacterial activity, in vitro aerosolization performance, and stability of each formulation were\ncharacterized. NTM DPIs were suitable for inhalation and amorphous with a corrugated surface.\nThe analysis indicated that the water content and hygroscopicity were decreased with the addition\nof LL, whilst the antibacterial activity of NTM was maintained. The optimal formulation.................
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